Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the joints, but its impact extends beyond joint inflammation. Recent research suggests a significant association between RA and dental issues, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive oral care for individuals with this condition.


Here are some of the dental issues that can occur in individuals with RA:


• Increased Risk of Periodontal Disease: RA patients have a higher susceptibility to periodontal disease, characterized by gum inflammation, bone loss, and tooth mobility.

• Chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation in RA contribute to the development and progression of periodontal disease.

• Collaborative management between rheumatologists and dentists can help address both the systemic and oral manifestations.

• Dry mouth (Xerostomia): Many medications used to treat RA can cause dry mouth, which can lead to a higher risk of tooth decay and gum disease.

• Tooth erosion: Some RA medications, such as methotrexate, can cause tooth erosion, which can make teeth more susceptible to decay and sensitivity.

• Oral ulcers: RA can also cause oral ulcers, which can be painful and may require treatment.

• Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Involvement: TMJ involvement is common in RA patients, leading to jaw pain, limited jaw movement, and difficulty in chewing and speaking.

Dentists can evaluate TMJ symptoms and provide targeted treatment options, including oral splints, physical therapy, and pain management techniques.

• Oral Hygiene Challenges: RA-related hand and finger joint involvement may hinder proper oral hygiene practices, resulting in increased plaque buildup and oral infections.

Dentists can suggest adaptive aids, such as electric toothbrushes and flossing aids, to help overcome dexterity limitations and maintain oral hygiene.

• Medication Effects on Oral Health: Certain medications used to manage RA, such as corticosteroids and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, can impact oral health.


Collaboration between Rheumatologists and Dentists: A multidisciplinary approach involving rheumatologists and dentists is crucial for comprehensive care and optimal management of RA and associated dental issues.


Regular communication between healthcare providers ensures coordination of treatment plans, medication adjustments, and addressing oral health concerns.


Conclusion:
Recognizing the relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and dental issues is vital for individuals with RA. Maintaining good oral hygiene, addressing periodontal disease, managing TMJ involvement, and collaborative care between rheumatologists and dentists contribute to improving overall health and quality of life for patients with rheumatoid arthritis.